Proton–electron temporal asynchrony on femtosecond timescales allows anti-corrosive low-iridium anodes for PEM electrolysers


  • Zhu, Y. et al. Iridium single atoms included in Co3O4 effectively catalyze the oxygen evolution in acidic situations. Nat. Commun. 13, 7754 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Seitz, L. C. et al. A extremely lively and secure IrOx/SrIrO3 catalyst for the oxygen evolution response. Science 353, 1011–1014 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Li, A. et al. Atomically dispersed hexavalent iridium oxide from MnO2 discount for oxygen evolution catalysis. Science 384, 666–670 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hu, C. et al. Misoriented high-entropy iridium ruthenium oxide for acidic water splitting. Sci. Adv. 9, eadf9144 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, J. et al. Tantalum-stabilized ruthenium oxide electrocatalysts for industrial water electrolysis. Science 387, 48–55 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dionigi, F. et al. Intrinsic electrocatalytic exercise for oxygen evolution of crystalline 3D-transition metallic layered double hydroxides. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 14446–14457 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ge, S. et al. A sturdy chromium–iridium oxide catalyst for high-current-density acidic oxygen evolution in proton alternate membrane electrolyzers. Power Environ. Sci. 16, 3734–3742 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wu, D. et al. Time-resolved spectroscopy uncovers deprotonation-induced reconstruction in oxygen-evolution NiFe-based (oxy) hydroxides. Nat. Commun. 16, 726 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhong, X. et al. Spatially and temporally resolved dynamic response of Co-based composite interface in the course of the oxygen evolution response. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 7467–7479 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nong, H. N. et al. Key function of chemistry versus bias in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. Nature 587, 408–413 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Qi, J.-Q. et al. Direct statement of all open-shell intermediates in a photocatalytic cycle. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 7140–7145 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zheng, X. et al. Ir–Sn pair-site triggers key oxygen radical intermediate for environment friendly acidic water oxidation. Sci. Adv. 9, eadi8025 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chong, L. et al. La- and Mn-doped cobalt spinel oxygen evolution catalyst for proton alternate membrane electrolysis. Science 380, 609–616 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Xu, J., Yang, Y., Jin, H., Zheng, Y. & Qiao, S.-Z. Bridging gaps between lab- and fab-oriented anode design for proton alternate membrane water electrolyzers. Chem 11, 102305 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liang, C. et al. Unravelling the results of lively website density and energetics on the water oxidation exercise of iridium oxides. Nat. Catal. 7, 763–775 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Priamushko, T. et al. Concentrate on transient dissolution processes in Co3O4 acidic oxygen evolution response electrocatalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 3517–3528 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tang, J. et al. Undoped ruthenium oxide as a secure catalyst for the acidic oxygen evolution response. Nat. Commun. 16, 801 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ram, R. et al. Water-hydroxide trapping in cobalt tungstate for proton alternate membrane water electrolysis. Science 384, 1373–1380 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, Y. et al. Effectiveness of pressure and dopants on breaking the exercise–stability trade-off of RuO2 acidic oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. Nat. Commun. 16, 1717 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zheng, Y.-R. et al. Monitoring oxygen manufacturing on mass-selected iridium–tantalum oxide electrocatalysts. Nat. Power 7, 55–64 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • McConohy, G. et al. Mechanical regulation of lithium intrusion likelihood in garnet strong electrolytes. Nat. Power 8, 241–250 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wu, Z.-Y. et al. Non-iridium-based electrocatalyst for sturdy acidic oxygen evolution response in proton alternate membrane water electrolysis. Nat. Mater. 22, 100–108 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tao, H. B. et al. The hole between tutorial analysis on proton alternate membrane water electrolysers and industrial calls for. Nat. Nanotechnol. 19, 1074–1076 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lu, B. et al. Key function of paracrystalline motifs on iridium oxide surfaces for acidic water oxidation. Nat. Catal. 7, 868–877 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Xu, W. et al. Ultrathin transition metallic oxychalcogenide catalysts for oxygen evolution in acidic media. Nat. Synth. 4, 327–335 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shen, W., Da, P., Guo, L., Xi, P. & Yan, C.-H. Uncommon earth interface construction supplies: synthesis, functions, and mechanisms. Acc. Mater. Res. 5, 712–725 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jay, R. M. et al. Monitoring C–H activation with orbital decision. Science 380, 955–960 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shen, W., Ye, Y., Xia, Q. & Xi, P. Progress in in situ characterization of electrocatalysis. EES Catal. 3, 10–31 (2025).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yin, Z. et al. Femtosecond proton switch in urea options probed by X-ray spectroscopy. Nature 619, 749–754 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kang, J. et al. Dynamic three-dimensional constructions of a metal-organic framework captured with femtosecond serial crystallography. Nat. Chem. 16, 693–699 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Shen, W. et al. Uncommon-earth-modified NiS2 improves H protection for an industrial alkaline water electrolyzer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 5324–5332 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yang, T. et al. Proton-controlled electron injection in MoS2 throughout hydrogen evolution revealed by time-resolved spectroelectrochemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 4531–4540 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wei, R. et al. Unraveling the formation kinetics of the primary intermediate within the oxygen evolution response on MnOx with totally different electron configurations. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 23473–23481 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, D., Wang, R., Wang, X. & Gogotsi, Y. In situ monitoring redox processes in power storage utilizing UV–vis spectroscopy. Nat. Power 8, 567–576 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liang, C. et al. Function of electrolyte pH on water oxidation for iridium oxides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 8928–8938 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deixe um comentário

    O seu endereço de e-mail não será publicado. Campos obrigatórios são marcados com *