Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) provide a excessive theoretical power density and intrinsic security, but their efficiency deteriorates quickly at low temperatures, the place oxygen electrocatalysis, ion transport, and interfacial stability are strongly compromised. Addressing these temperature-dependent limitations is central to enabling their dependable operation in chilly environments. This evaluate summarizes current progress in supplies engineering and electrolyte regulation towards low-temperature-tolerant ZABs. Advances in transition-metal–nitrogen–carbon (TM–N–C) catalysts, steel oxides, high-entropy alloys (HEAs), and rising hybrid techniques are mentioned, highlighting how electronic-structure modulation, defect engineering, and synergistic multi-component interactions maintain the oxygen discount and evolution kinetics below diminished thermal activation. As well as, current progress in aqueous and gel polymer electrolytes is summarized, emphasizing the important position of solvation-structure regulation and hydrogen-bond community disruption in suppressing water crystallization whereas sustaining ionic conductivity at sub-zero temperatures. Views are supplied on the mixing of catalytic and interfacial regulation with electrolyte engineering to advance ZABs towards reliable low-temperature operation.
